Estrogen's Role as a Vasodilator
Estrogen stimulates the production of nitric oxide in your endothelial cells — the inner lining of every blood vessel. Nitric oxide keeps arteries relaxed and flexible. As estrogen declines, nitric oxide production drops by up to 40%, causing progressive vascular stiffening. A 2019 study in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that women's arterial stiffness increased more rapidly than men's after age 50, directly correlating with estrogen decline.